5. Stirling Castle
Stirling Castle sits majestically atop Castle Hill in Stirling, Scotland, where three steep cliffs provide a natural defensive position.
Its strategic location – where the lowlands meet the Highlands – made it a key stronghold throughout Scottish history. In particular it was linked to William Wallace of Braveheart fame.
The castle’s origins trace back to the 12th century under the reign of King Alexander I. Between roughly 1490 and 1600 much of the present structure was built under the rule of the Stuart monarchs, whose international aspirations were reflected in the castle’s English, French and German influenced design.
During the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 13th and 14th centuries, the castle featured prominently. For example, in 1303 Edward I besieged the castle and destroyed its gatehouse after Scottish forces surrendered.
Later it became the childhood home of Mary Queen of Scots and James VI & I, further cementing its royal and historical significance.